The Credibility Clock: What American Businesses Actually Spend to Earn Trust in Benin's Relationship Economy
American companies entering Benin routinely budget for logistics, legal compliance, and initial inventory — but few account for the most expensive line item of all: the time and capital required to become a trusted actor in a market that moves on relationships, not résumés. The gap between arrival and credibility is wider than most US operators expect, and the opportunity cost of underestimating it is substantial.